ND08544
LCL from B-Lymphocyte
Description:
ASYMPTOMATIC OR UNDIAGNOSED AND GENETICALLY RELATED TO AN AFFECTED INDIVIDUAL
Repository
|
NINDS Repository
|
Subcollection |
Motor Neuron Disease |
Biopsy Source
|
Peripheral vein
|
Cell Type
|
B-Lymphocyte
|
Tissue Type
|
Blood
|
Transformant
|
Epstein-Barr Virus
|
Sample Source
|
LCL from B-Lymphocyte
|
Race
|
White
|
Subject Type
|
family with at least 3 members, including 1 proband, not a trio
|
Family Type
|
MULTIGENERATIONAL FAMILIES - ONE AFFECTED
|
Ethnicity
|
Not Hispanic/Latino
|
Country of Origin
|
USA
|
Family Member
|
10
|
Family History
|
Y
|
Relation to Proband
|
niece
|
Species
|
Homo sapiens
|
Common Name
|
Human
|
Gene |
C9ORF72 |
Chromosomal Location |
9p21 |
Allelic Variant 1 |
614260.0001; FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA AND/OR AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS |
Identified Mutation |
(GGGGCC)n EXPANSION; DeJesus-Hernandez et al. (2011) identified a polymorphic hexanucleotide repeat (GGGGCC) located between the noncoding exons 1a and 1b of the C9ORF72 gene. The maximum size of the repeat in healthy controls was 23 units, whereas it was expanded in members of a large family with frontotemporal dementia and/or anyotrophic lateral sclerosis mapping to chromosome 9p21 (FTDALS; 105550) (Boxer et al., 2011). Affected individuals had expanded repeat units ranging from 700 to 1,600. Further analysis identified this expanded hexanucleotide repeat in 16 (61.5%) of a series of 26 families with the disorder, as well as in 11.7% of familial FTD and 23.5% of familial ALS from 3 patient series. Sporadic cases with the expansion were also identified. Overall, 75 (10.4%) of 722 unrelated patients with FTD, ALS, or both were found to carry an expanded GGGGCC repeat, and DeJesus-Hernandez et al. (2011) concluded that it is the most common genetic abnormality in FTD/ALS. Longer repeats were associated with the A allele at SNP rs3849942, which marked a disease haplotype. The expanded repeat is located in the promoter region of C9ORF72 transcript variant 1 and in intron 1 of transcript variants 2 and 3. Tissue from affected individuals showed reduced or absent mRNA levels of C9ORF72 variants 1 and 3 compared to nonrepeat carriers, consistent with a loss-of-function mechanism. However, protein levels of these variants were similar to controls, and analysis of patient frontal cortex and spinal cord tissue showed that the transcribed expanded GGGGCC repeat formed nuclear RNA foci, suggesting a gain-of-function mechanism.
Simultaneously and independently, Renton et al. (2011) identified the GGGGCC expanded repeat as a cause of FTD/ALS in families reported by Pearson et al. (2011) and Mok et al. (2011). The expanded repeat was also found in 46.4% of Finnish familial ALS cases and in 21% of sporadic cases. PCR assays showed that Finnish controls had between 0 and 22 repeats. FISH studies showed that the expansion in a family from Wales (Pearson et al., 2011) was at least 250 repeats. In addition, an expanded repeat was found in 102 (38.1%) of 268 familial ALS probands of European origin. Real-time RT-PCR analysis of expression in frontal cortex tissue from patients and controls did not detect conclusive changes in RNA levels and produced inconsistent results. Nevertheless, Renton et al. (2011) postulated that a disruption in RNA metabolism likely underlies this disorder.
|
Liu Y, Huang Z, Liu H, Ji Z, Arora A, Cai D, Wang H, Liu M, Simko EAJ, Zhang Y, Periz G, Liu Z, Wang J, DNA-initiated epigenetic cascades driven by C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat Neuron111:1205-1221.e9 2022 |
PubMed ID: 36822200 |
|
Petrovick MS, Boettcher T, Fremont-Smith P, Peragallo C, Ricke DO, Watkins J, Schwoebel E, Analysis of complex DNA mixtures using massively parallel sequencing of SNPs with low minor allele frequencies Forensic science international Genetics46:102234 2019 |
PubMed ID: 32018060 |
|
Renton AE, Majounie E, Waite A, Simón-Sánchez J, Rollinson S, Gibbs JR, Schymick JC, Laaksovirta H, van Swieten JC, Myllykangas L, Kalimo H, Paetau A, Abramzon Y, Remes AM, Kaganovich A, Scholz SW, Duckworth J, Ding J, Harmer DW, Hernandez DG, Johnson JO, Mok K, Ryten M, Trabzuni D, Guerreiro RJ, Orrell RW, Neal J, Murray A, Pearson J, Jansen IE, Sondervan D, Seelaar H, Blake D, Young K, Halliwell N, Callister JB, Toulson G, Richardson A, Gerhard A, Snowden J, Mann D, Neary D, Nalls MA, Peuralinna T, Jansson L, Isoviita VM, Kaivorinne AL, Hölttä-Vuori M, Ikonen E, Sulkava R, Benatar M, Wuu J, Chiò A, Restagno G, Borghero G, Sabatelli M, ITALSGEN Consortium M, Heckerman D, Rogaeva E, Zinman L, Rothstein JD, Sendtner M, Drepper C, Eichler EE, Alkan C, Abdullaev Z, Pack SD, Dutra A, Pak E, Hardy J, Singleton A, Williams NM, Heutink P, Pickering-Brown S, Morris HR, Tienari PJ, Traynor BJ, A hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72 is the cause of chromosome 9p21-linked ALS-FTD Neuron72:257-68 2011 |
PubMed ID: 21944779 |
Split Ratio (Frequency) |
1:3 (4 Days) |
Temperature |
37 C |
Percent CO2 |
5% |
Percent O2 |
AMBIENT |
Medium |
Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium 1640 with 2mM L-glutamine or equivalent |
Serum |
15% fetal bovine serum Not Inactivated |
Substrate |
None specified |
Subcultivation Method |
dilution - add fresh medium |
Supplement |
- |
|
|